Naming Complex Substituents — Organic Chemistry Tutor
2023年10月10日 · For the simple substituents like ethyl, methyl, etc. we use the di-, tri-, tetra-, etc. We also use the same prefixes for the retained common names like isopropyl or tert-butyl. For the complex substituents, however, we use slightly modified prefixes. For 2 groups it’s bis-, for 3 it’s tris-, tetrakis- for 4, pentakis- for five, etc.
Nomenclature of Alkenes and Cycloalkenes — Organic Chemistry …
Start with the names of substituents in alphabetical order. Indicate the position of the C=C by using numbers. End with the suffix “-ene” for alkenes. For multiple double bonds, use “-diene”, “-triene”, and so on, depending on the number of double bonds. Examples to Illuminate the Concept: Compound with Bromine and Chlorine ...
Bicyclic Compounds — Organic Chemistry Tutor
Step 3: Addressing Multiple Substituents & Constructing the Name. If your bicyclic compound has multiple substituents, it’s time to employ some familiar tie-breakers. Functional groups should be given the lowest possible numbers within the numbering scheme. Next, you focus on achieving the lowest numbers for substituents in general.
Conformational Analysis — Organic Chemistry Tutor
Chair conformations are the most common spatial arrangements of cyclohexanes. They consist of alternating axial and equatorial positions for attached groups or substituents. Step 1: Drawing Chair Conformations. Start by drawing the skeletal structure of the chair conformation. Number the carbons consistently for easy identification.
Directing Effects in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions ...
In this tutorial, I want to talk about the directing effects in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions
Nomenclature of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes — Organic Chemistry …
Naming Substituents. Now, as I’ve mentioned earlier, our molecules can be branched. In reality, most organic molecules are not just simple chains and cycles. They contain all kinds of side chains and branches coming off the main stem. We often call those branches “substituents” so get used to hearing this term as well.
Substitution and Elimination Reactions - Organic Chemistry Tutor
Organic Chemistry Substitution and Elimination Reactions In this tutorial I wanna look at two types of reactions in organic chemistry: substitution and elimination. In a substitution reaction we are going to replace a part of our molecule with a different atom or a group. The part of the molecule that is being replaced is called...
How to Draw Chair Conformations — Organic Chemistry Tutor
Step 2: Adding Substituents. Once you’ve drawn the basic chair structure, it’s time to add the substituents. Axial Positions: These will point directly up and down from the corners of your chair. Equatorial Positions: These are trickier. Each equatorial position will be parallel to some line in your chair structure (see color-coded figure ...
Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry
If we have multiple groups on the nitrogen atom, we use the longest chain as the parent/principal chain and then say the rest are substituents using the N locant instead of numbers like in the example above. In addition to complex nomenclature, amines have a very diverse chemistry.
Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones — Organic Chemistry Tutor
With ketones, it’s pretty straightforward. We number the cycle from the carbon where the ketone is located to give the lowest possible locants to the rest of our substituents or functional groups, alphabetize the substituents, and put it all together. For instance, here I have 2,2-dimethylcyclohexanone. Nothing unexpected.