Radical (chemistry) - Wikipedia
In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron. [1][2] With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make radicals highly chemically reactive. Many radicals spontaneously dimerize. Most organic radicals have short lifetimes.
Radical | Reactions, Properties & Uses | Britannica
2024年11月25日 · radical, in chemistry, molecule that contains at least one unpaired electron. Most molecules contain even numbers of electrons, and the covalent chemical bonds holding the atoms together within a molecule normally consist of pairs of electrons jointly shared by the atoms linked by the bond.
Moses Gomberg and the Discovery of Organic Free Radicals
2000年6月25日 · Moses Gomberg, a chemistry professor at the University of Michigan, discovered an organic free radical in 1900 and affirmed what had been thought impossible. A century later, free radical organic chemistry researchers look back to …
Free Radicals: Properties, Sources, Targets, and Their Implication in ...
Free radicals are the products of normal cellular metabolism. A free radical can be defined as an atom or molecule containing one or more unpaired electrons in valency shell or outer orbit and is capable of independent existence. The odd number of electron(s) of a free radical makes it unstable, short lived and highly reactive.
Free Radicals - Chemistry LibreTexts
2023年1月23日 · In chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired valence electrons or an open electron shell, and therefore may be seen as having one or more "dangling" covalent bonds.
Radicals: Reactive Intermediates with Translational Potential
2016年9月15日 · The practicality and chemoselectivity of radical reactions enable rapid access to molecules of relevance to drug discovery, agrochemistry, material science, and other disciplines. Thus, these reactive intermediates possess inherent translational potential, as they can be widely used to expedite scientific endeavors for the betterment of humankind.
15.1 Introduction to Radical Reactions - Chemistry LibreTexts
In chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired valence electrons or an open electron shell, and therefore may be seen as having one or more "dangling" covalent bonds.
6.1: Introduction to Radicals - Chemistry LibreTexts
Radicals are species that have unpaired electrons. They can be atoms or molecules and they can be neutral species or ions. Frequently, radicals are very reactive. However, their mode of reactivity does not fall neatly within the normal patterns of Lewis acids and bases, or nucleophiles and electrophiles.
Free Radical - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
A free radical is any molecule with an unpaired electron. Free radicals include ROS (e.g., the superoxide radical [O 2.]) and reactive nitrogen species (e.g., NO). Such molecules are highly reactive, short-lived products of oxidative metabolism and occur in membranes of mitochondria and other organelles.
6.6 Radical Reactions - Organic Chemistry - OpenStax
As a biological example of a radical reaction, look at the synthesis of prostaglandins, a large class of molecules found in virtually all body tissues and fluids. A number of pharmaceuticals are based on or derived from prostaglandins, including medicines that induce labor during childbirth, reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma, control ...