Understanding the neuroinflammatory response following concussion …
The rise in IL-1β following a concussion precedes the secretion of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), both of which promote the growth and survival of neurons and defend against the instigation of apoptotic pathways (Gadient et al., 1990; Dekosky et al., 1996; Herx et al., 2000). These data suggest that IL-1β ...
Understanding the Link Between Concussions and Neurological …
Concussions are a common type of traumatic brain injury that can have long-lasting effects on the brain and overall neurological health. Research has shown a clear link between concussions and the development of neurological disorders later in life.
Wallerian degeneration - Wikipedia
Wallerian degeneration occurs after axonal injury in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). It occurs in the section of the axon distal to the site of injury and usually begins within 24–36 hours of a lesion. Prior to degeneration, the distal section of the axon tends to remain electrically excitable.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy - Symptoms and causes
2023年11月18日 · Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a brain disorder likely caused by repeated head injuries. It causes the death of nerve cells in the brain, known as degeneration. CTE gets worse over time. The only way to definitively diagnosis CTE is after death during an autopsy of the brain. CTE is a rare disorder that is not yet well understood.
Brain injuries from concussions still evident decades later
2020年10月1日 · Concussions are the most common form of mild brain injury, affecting over 42 million people worldwide annually. Their long-term risks — especially for athletes and members of the military — are well documented, with studies showing possible connections to neurodegenerative conditions like chronic traumatic encephalopathy and Alzheimer’s ...
Wallerian degeneration: the innate-immune response to traumatic nerve …
2011年8月30日 · This review focuses on the cellular and molecular events that highlight Wallerian degeneration as the innate-immune response of the PNS to traumatic nerve injury (e.g. recruitment of macrophages, phagocytosis of degenerated myelin, and production of cytokines and chemokines).
Axonal damage: a key predictor of outcome in human CNS diseases
2003年3月1日 · Damage to axons is almost a universal finding in cases of mild, moderate and severe head trauma (Gentleman et al., 1995) with outcomes ranging from mild concussion (Jane et al., 1985; Blumbergs et al., 1994; Adams et al., 2001) to profound coma and even the vegetative state (Kinney and Samuels, 1994; Fitzpatrick et al., 1998; Adams et al., 1999).
Understanding neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury: …
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative disease including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. All-cause dementia risk is increased by around 1.5 times, and it has been estimated that around 5% of all dementia cases worldwide may be attributable to TBI.
Neurotrauma—From Injury to Repair: Clinical Perspectives, …
Traumatic injury to the brain and spinal cord (neurotrauma) is a common event across populations and often causes profound and irreversible disability. Pathophysiological responses to trauma exacerbate the damage of an index injury, propagating the ...
Lessons from Injury: How Nerve Injury Studies Reveal Basic …
We discuss how nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 (NMNAT2) and sterile alpha TIR motif containing protein 1 (SARM1) are required for axon survival and degeneration, respectively, how transcription factor c-JUN is essential for the Schwann cell response to nerve injury and what each tells us about disease mechanisms and potential t...