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  1. Valence electron - Wikipedia

  2. 开壳层 - 百度百科

  3. 1.3: Valence electrons and open valences - Chemistry LibreTexts

  4. Transition metals with closed shells - Chemistry Stack Exchange

  5. 2.5: Arrangement of Electron (Shell Model) - Chemistry LibreTexts

  6. 3.7: Electrons and Valence Shells - Chemistry LibreTexts

  7. Characteristics and Determination of Valence Electrons - BYJU'S

  8. What are Valence Electrons? (with pictures) - AllTheScience

  9. What are valence electrons and how do you find them?