In vitro biosynthesis of ATP from adenosine and polyphosphate
2021年11月29日 · In this study, we established an in vitro multi-enzyme cascade system for ATP production. Using adenosine and inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) as key substrates, we combined adenosine kinase and two functionally distinct polyphosphate kinases (PPKs) in a one-pot reaction to achieve chain-like ATP regeneration and production.
Adenosine - Wikipedia
Adenosine used as a second messenger can be the result of de novo purine biosynthesis via adenosine monophosphate (AMP), though it is possible other pathways exist. [27] When adenosine enters the circulation, it is broken down by adenosine deaminase, which is present in red blood cells and the vessel wall.
Adenosine: Synthetic Methods of Its Derivatives and Antitumor …
Basically, the adenosine is formed as a result of a hydrolysis of AMP by action of a type I cytosolic 5-nucleotidase (reaction 2). Once the adenosine is formed, this can be phosphorylated by an adenosine kinase (reaction 1) or converted to inosine by …
Adenosine-Metabolizing Enzymes, Adenosine Kinase and Adenosine …
This review contains the latest data on the effect of adenosine on cells in the TME. It focuses on enzymes involved in the metabolism of adenosine-ADK and ADA and provides an overview of biological significance of ADK and ADA and their role in the development of tumor.
ATP synthesis and storage - PMC - PubMed Central (PMC)
The oxidation process results in free energy production that can be stored in phosphoanhydrine “high-energy bonds” within molecules such as nucleoside diphosphate and nucleoside triphosphate (i.e., adenosine 5′ diphosphate and adenosine 5′ trisphosphate, ADP, and ATP, respectively), phosphoenolpyruvate, carbamoyl phosphate, 2,3-bisphosphoglycera...
Synthetic syntrophy for adenine nucleotide cross-feeding between ...
2024年10月21日 · The regeneration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a versatile metabolic energy carrier for biosynthesis has been the focus 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, but homeostasis of pH and volume...
Adenosine Metabolism, Adenosine Kinase, and Evolution
2012年1月1日 · The enzymes responsible for lowering adenosine concentration are adenosine kinase (ADK) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), which catalyze the phosphorylation and deamination of adenosine to produce AMP and inosine, respectively (Fig. 2.1).
Adenosine Nucleotide Biosynthesis and AMPK Regulate Adult …
2013年1月8日 · These data establish AMP biosynthesis, adenosine nucleotide ratios, and AMPK as determinants of adult life span; provide a mechanistic link between cellular anabolism and energy sensing pathways; and indicate that dietary adenine manipulations might alter metabolism to influence animal life span.
Physiologic and Metabolic Regulation of Adenosine: Mechanisms
2012年1月1日 · Adenosine itself is much more than the core of ATP; among other biochemical roles and signaling roles, it is a ubiquitous neuromodulator in the brain, providing tonic inhibition of excitatory neurotransmission in most brain regions (Masino and Dunwiddie 2001).
Adenosine: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Clinical Applications
In the intracellular space, adenosine can be synthesized de novo during purine biosynthesis or accumulate as a result of ATP breakdown. Intracellular adenosine concentrations increase when there is a mismatch between ATP synthesis and use as in ischemia or hypoxia (8,9).