Steel - Smelting, Alloying, Refining | Britannica
2024年11月19日 · Steel - Smelting, Alloying, Refining: In principle, steelmaking is a melting, purifying, and alloying process carried out at approximately 1,600° C (2,900° F) in molten conditions. Various chemical reactions are initiated, either in sequence or simultaneously, in order to arrive at specified chemical compositions and temperatures.
Steel | Composition, Properties, Types, Grades, & Facts | Britannica
2024年11月19日 · Steel, alloy of iron and carbon in which the carbon content ranges up to 2 percent (with a higher carbon content, the material is defined as cast iron). By far the most widely used material for building the world’s infrastructure and industries, it is used to fabricate everything from sewing needles to oil tankers.
Bessemer process | Dates, Definition, & Facts | Britannica
Bessemer process, the first method discovered for mass-producing steel. Though named after Sir Henry Bessemer of England, the process evolved from the contributions of many investigators before it could be used on a broad commercial basis.
Steel - Production, Uses, Types | Britannica
2024年11月19日 · Steel - Production, Uses, Types: The steel industry has grown from ancient times, when a few men may have operated, periodically, a small furnace producing 10 kilograms, to the modern integrated iron- and steelworks, with annual steel production of about 1 million tons.
Steel - Forming, Alloying, Heat Treating | Britannica
2024年11月19日 · Steel - Forming, Alloying, Heat Treating: Forming processes convert solidified steel into products useful for the fabricating and construction industries. The objectives are to obtain a desired shape, to improve cast steel’s physical properties (which are not suitable for most applications), and to produce a surface suitable for a specific use.
Steel - Bessemer Process, Alloy, Strength | Britannica
2024年11月19日 · Steel - Bessemer Process, Alloy, Strength: Bulk steel production was made possible by Henry Bessemer in 1855, when he obtained British patents for a pneumatic steelmaking process. (A similar process is said to have been used in the United States by William Kelly in 1851, but it was not patented until 1857.)
Henry Bessemer | Biography, Inventions, & Facts | Britannica
Henry Bessemer, inventor and engineer who developed the first process for manufacturing steel inexpensively (1856), leading to the development of the Bessemer converter. He also developed other inventions, notably sugarcane-crushing machinery of advanced design.
Stainless steel | Definition, Composition, Types, & Facts - Britannica
Stainless steel, any one of a group of alloy steels usually containing 10 to 30 percent chromium. In conjunction with low carbon content, chromium imparts remarkable resistance to corrosion and heat. Other elements may be added to increase resistance to corrosion and oxidation and impart special characteristics.
Steel - Continuous Casting, Alloying, Heat Treatment | Britannica
2024年11月19日 · Steel - Continuous Casting, Alloying, Heat Treatment: About 55 percent of the world’s liquid steel production is solidified in continuous casting processes, the most widely used of which feeds liquid steel continuously into a short, water-cooled vertical copper mold and, at the same time, continuously withdraws the frozen shell, including the ...
steel - Kids | Britannica Kids | Homework Help
Steel is basically iron mixed with a little carbon. But steel is better than iron in many ways. Steel is stronger but lighter than iron. Steel also lasts longer than iron. To make steel, workers heat iron until it melts. Then they add carbon to the liquid iron. They may also add other materials to make different types of steel.