Mary Queen of Scots daughter of James V of Scotland was born at Linlithgow Palace, West Lothian, Scotland, on 8 December 1542, and became Queen of Scots when she was six days old. She was first ...

757 - Offa seizes the Kingdom Mercia after the murder of his cousin Aethelbald. 776 - Defeats the men of Kent at Otford 779 - Offa defeats Cynewulf of Wessex at Bensington in Oxfordshire. 784 - Offa ...

King of England from 1216, when he succeeded John, but the royal powers were exercised by a regency until 1232, and by two French nobles, Peter des Roches and Peter des Rivaux, until the barons forced ...

King of England from 1272, son of Henry III (1207–72). He led the royal forces against Simon de Montfort (the Younger) in the Barons' War of 1264–67, and was on a crusade when he succeeded to the ...

The main element of the Royal Arms is the shield which is divided into four quarters (see diagram). The three golden lions on a red background, symbolising England, occupy the first and fourth ...

974-985 Hywel ab Ieuaf (Hywel the bad) Lord of Gwynedd 985-986 Cadwallon ab Ieuaf Lord of Gwynedd 999-1005 Maredudd ap Owain Lord of Gwynedd & Dehuebarth 1005-1018 Aeddan ap Blegywryd Lord of Gwynedd ...

Duncan (Donnchad mac Crínáin) was the son of Crinan, the Abbot of Dunkeld, and Bethroc daughter of Malcolm II. He was the first of the House of Dunkeld. His incursions south into England were ...

Malcolm (Máel Coluim mac Eanric) was 12 years old when he became King on the death of his grandfather. He did not marry and was named ’The Maiden’ after his vows of chastity. Henry II of England ...

The death of Margaret, Maid of Norway, left no clear successor and the Scottish throne without a monarch for two years. King Edward I of England called a series of meetings of with claimants who ...

King of England 939–46. The son of Edward the Elder, he succeeded his half-brother, Athelstan, as king in 939. He succeeded in regaining control of Mercia, which on his accession had fallen to the ...

Kenneth II (Cináed mac Maíl Coluim) son of Malcolm I became King when Culen was killed, but faced a challenge from Culen’s brother Olaf. The challenge was ended when Kenneth had Olaf killed in 977.

Alexander (Alaxandair mac Uilliam) was the son of William The Lion. He sought to win back Scottish independence and laid claim to Cumbria and Northumberland in Northern England. He enraged King John ...