A simple reflex action happens if we accidentally touch something hot. We rapidly move our hand away. This is called the pain withdrawal reflex. The diagram shows the reflex arc involved.

Third-party research groups and organizations have validated a smartphone app called Reflex as a tool to help diagnose medical conditions like concussions and opiate withdrawal. Brightlamp CEO Kurtis ...

After these shocks were administered, the snails' defensive withdrawal reflex - where the snails contract in order to protect themselves from harm - became more pronounced. When the researchers ...