Tubal surgery 21.0 Tubal ligation 9.3 Previous ectopic pregnancy 8.3 In uteroexposure to diethystilbestrol 5.6 Use of intrauterine devices 4.2-45.0 Tubal pathology 3.8-21.0 Assisted reproduction 4 ...

Methods like the diaphragm, condoms, spermicidal foams and jellies, and copper IUDs provide reversible contraception, while vasectomy and tubal ligation are permanent methods. Another WHO study ...

The rates of suicide attempt, self-harm, and PTSD are also slightly higher for those who underwent vasectomy or tubal ...