While some bacteria do naturally exist in this individual ‘planktonic’ state, most bacteria mimic multicellular life, forming a community connected by a biofilm. These slime-like, three ...

The MIC of antibiotics to biofilm-growing bacteria may be up to 1000-fold higher than that of planktonic bacteria. [10] Multiple biofilm-specific mechanisms are operated simultaneously in a ...

[23] Systemic dosing levels of antibiotics, which were developed according to the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of planktonic organisms, are relatively ineffective against biofilm micro ...

Bacteria often live in multicellular communities known as biofilms. Unlike their planktonic counterparts, bacteria in biofilms are encapsulated in an extracellular matrix, a complex mixture of ...

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests (ASTs), known as antibiograms, are widely available but existing tests only look at bacteria in their solitary, planktonic form. BioFilm’s Ring Test has been ...