Landscape ecology is the ... especially the unique effects of spatial heterogeneity on these interactions. Throughout the history of ecology, scientists have observed variability across time ...

How do habitat loss and fragmentation affect species and ecosystems? Spatial ecology investigates the immense variety of spatial patterns in nature and their ecological consequences. If you take a ...

Animals, water, wind, and people flow at different rates according to spatial patterns common to almost all landscapes and regions ... and scientists in all fields of landscape ecology, biological ...

Askins, Ecology '… this book provides a ... by birds in variable environments Robert J. Fuller 3. Spatial variation and temporal shifts in habitat use by birds at the European scale Tomasz Wesołowski ...