In addition, meridian changes over the entrance pupil and irregular astigmatism may be missed. Using the IOLMaster® (Carl Zeiss Meditec, CA, USA) for corneal curvature measurements can result in ...

This may be due to an irregular or toric curvature of the cornea or lens. The two types of astigmatism are regular and irregular. Irregular astigmatism is often caused by a corneal scar or ...

In corneal refractive surgery, corneal topography is used preoperatively to detect irregular astigmatism, ectatic corneal disorders, or other abnormalities, and to monitor topographic stability ...