With lots of worked examples, problems and summaries and a comprehensive solutions set, this book introduces the basic concepts of electrostatic and magnetostatic fields, covers equations, propagation ...

To minimize the energy of the cost function, the following Lagrangian function is used ... Our observations indicate that while the DA-SA model enhances certain aspects of the flow, such as the scalar ...

A field is a function that describes a physical quantity at all points in space. A physical quantity can be either a scalar or a vector; thus, a field can also be a scalar field or a vector field. A ...