The Roman Empires had fought a series of wars with pre-Islamic Persian dynasties from 92 BC to the 7th century AD - when the Muslim conquest of Persia caused the downfall of the Sasanian Empire.

By 115 AD, he had captured the Parthian capital of Ctesiphon and had reached the Persian Gulf. The Roman Empire now stretched across Europe and the Middle East, from the borders of Scotland to ...

Scientists from Oxford and Warsaw Universities have found new evidence that shifts the timeline regarding the fall of the Roman Empire and offers ... an outcome of the Persian war, and the Islamic ...