This type of chart displays all the possible codons — essential components of DNA and RNA molecules — and the amino acids ...

Following this discovery, Nirenberg, Philip Leder, and Gobind Khorana identified the rest of the genetic code and fully described each three-letter codon and its corresponding amino acid.

The attenuated virus was further manipulated by recombining segments of wild-type polio sequences into the codon pair–biased sequence to generate two viable viruses with reduced translation and ...