Whether it is a microbe, a rose, or a dolphin, any form of life gets its building and operating instructions from the molecule of life, DNA ... different chemical bases, or nucleotides: adenine ...

Nucleotides are the units which, when linked sugar to phosphate, make up one side of a DNA ladder. During DNA replication ... will "pair" to thymine (T). How the bases are arranged in the DNA ...

In this type of pairing, adenine (A) forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine (T) in DNA or uracil (U) in RNA, while guanine (G) forms three hydrogen bonds with cytosine (C). These base pairs are highly ...

One is that the DNA template somehow becomes defective during replication, and causes the polymerase to pause (Figures 3 and 4a). For example, a DNA base can be chemically modified or ...